The Roman testudo, or “tortoise” formation, was a hallmark of legionary discipline and engineering. Soldiers aligned their shields tightly together: front ranks held them forward, side ranks angled them outward, and those in the middle raised them overhead. The result was a nearly impenetrable shell, protecting against arrows, javelins, and stones. Used in sieges and open battle, the testudo allowed steady, protected advances toward enemy walls or fortifications. Its strength lay not only in the

5.6K views · 49 reactions | The Roman testudo formation was a...

Ji: the Chinese Testudo formation | Kings & Generals

281K views · 677 reactions | This extraordinary gelatinous animal – thought to be a stalked Ascidean – may be an entirely new species, previously unseen by humans... This is a monumental discovery by the #FiveDeeps Expedition team. #DeepPlanet “The stalked Ascidean was a really significant moment. It is not often we see something that is so extraordinary that it leaves us speechless." -Dr. Jamieson | Science Channel | Facebook