Abstract: Traditional algorithms for writing robots typically rely on pre-defined path planning and precise trajectory control. Due to the reliance on pre-defined paths, the robotic arm may not ...

Abstract: Handwritten Balinese script consists of letters that have unique and complex shapes and adapt to the writer's handwriting. The main challenge in recognizing these characters is the variation ...

Marco Antonio Pedraza, a sixth-grade primary school teacher who migrated as a young man from the countryside to bustling Lima, used to spend his own money to purchase specialized teaching materials ...