While your car can’t talk, it communicates with you using chimes, icons, and messages. One icon that you should never ignore is the check engine light. It turns on when the car’s onboard computer ...

The oxygen sensors are a vital part of measuring the amount of oxygen in the gas. If there’s something wrong with the oxygen sensor, the Check Engine Light is sure to come on, which can be annoying.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental for macrophages to eliminate invasive microorganisms. However, as observed in nonphagocytic cells, ROS play essential roles in processes that are ...

Most organisms are unable to directly assimilate inert atmospheric dinitrogen (N 2) and rely instead on the bio-availability of chemically reduced, or “fixed,” forms of nitrogen (N), such as ammonia, ...

A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused on inactivation of ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that typically produce ROS ...

Hey, we love carburetors as much as the next gas monkey, but it's hard to beat the driveability advantages of electronic fuel injection. Even if an EFI system doesn't necessarily deliver a performance ...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) occurs as heterotrimeric protein complexes that monitor cellular energy status by sensing the concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP. Displacement of ATP by ADP or AMP ...

Recent discoveries suggest that a novel second messenger, bis-(3′→5′)-cyclic di-GMP (c-diGMP), is extensively used by bacteria to control multicellular behavior. Condensation of two GTP to the ...