Abstract: We investigate the linear quadratic Gaussian–Stackelberg game under a class of nested observation information patterns. The follower uses its observation data to design its strategy, whereas ...

Delta waves (0.1–4 Hz) are a hallmark of unconsciousness in both sleep and general anesthesia (GA). Closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) delivers brief sounds phase-locked to ongoing slow ...

Java annotations were designed for metadata. Spring uses them for dependency injection. Lombok uses them for code generation. JPA uses them for ORM mapping. We use them to write entire programs. This ...

The detection and identification of plant pathogenic fungi are crucial for effective plant protection measures. In the past two decades, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a ...

Build, orchestrate, and manage sophisticated multi-agent systems with ease. Agentic Kernel provides a robust and flexible foundation for creating A2A-compatible autonomous AI agents that can ...

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. These models have great ...

Each JVM thread (a path of execution) is associated with a stack that’s created when the thread is created. This data structure is divided into frames, which are data structures associated with method ...