By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...

Ambiguity aversion – the tendency to avoid options with uncertain probability distributions – has emerged as a central concept in understanding investor behaviour and decision making in financial ...

Ambiguity is often perceived as a source of confusion and discomfort, but it holds a surprising power to influence our thinking, creativity, and resilience. In a world that increasingly values clarity ...

Ambiguity is an inseparable part of most workplaces. Tasks can be poorly defined or have many different solutions. Colleagues and managers send mixed messages or seem to say one thing and mean another ...