Unlike the other tests described on this page, the test for carbonate ions works whatever acid is added. Explain why, in a test for sulfate ions, the sample is acidified with hydrochloric acid first.

Question: Recently, one of our builder client’s home owners requested that no chloride be added to the concrete for the winter walls. Our state design code required vertical structural steel ...

Cations can be identified with flame tests or precipitate tests using sodium hydroxide and ammonia solutions. Anions (halide, sulfate, and carbonate ions) can be identified using precipitate tests or ...