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Lumbar spine anatomy and function

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae that help with mobility and stability.Lumbar vertebrae are larger because they carry the load from ...
The thoracic spine is made up of 12 bones that attach to your ribs and support your rib cage. Excessive curvature in the thoracic spine, called hyperkyphosis, can cause pain and may happen after a ...
Spine surgery has no shortage of innovation. New implants appear, new navigation systems gain traction and AI keeps inching closer to daily practice. But J. Patrick Johnson, MD, believes the long-term ...