Post-modern portfolio theory uses downside risk to refine portfolio optimization. Learn how PMPT offers an alternative to modern portfolio theory for risk-adjusted returns.

About the author: Rick Lear is the founder and chief investment officer at Lear Investment Management. The idea of adding to or maintaining fixed-income exposure at a time of heightened market fear ...

You may have heard people say that investing involves a tradeoff between risk vs. return. And that’s typically true. Investors usually need to take on greater risk to achieve higher returns. But what ...

Learn how the Ulcer Index measures downside risk through depth and duration of declines. Discover its calculation and ...