The difficulties of conducting research on the human gut are substantial: the presence of trillions of bacterial cells interacting with human cells and each other, constant environmental changes every ...

The intestine is the most critical digestive organ and the largest immune organ in mammals, playing a central role in nutrient absorption, endocrine secretion, and defense against microorganisms.

DGBIs have complex pathophysiology, often characterized by the relationship between the ingestion of food and symptom occurrence and exacerbation. As such, a diet low on fermentable oligo-, di-, ...