Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the alternatives. A new thermodynamic framework makes it possible to calculate these ...

There are "costs of life" that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific biochemical processes active—such as those that make up photosynthesis, ...

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a metabolically dynamic niche where cancer cells and immune cells interact to influence tumor progression and immune ...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a central role in maintaining energy balance in cells, especially under energy stress. While upstream activation by the kinase LKB1 is well recognized, the ...

New research shows how engineered enzymes and cell-free systems can be combined to recycle CO2 into Acetyl-CoA and other building blocks.

Vitamin B12 is long understood as a vital nutrient required for red blood cell formation and nerve function, but a new ...