The design strategy for terahertz metasurfaces capable of achieving spin-selective functionality through complex-amplitude modulation is systematically categorized into four distinct parametric ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

A team of researchers from the Center for Research and Innovation in Metamaterials at the University of Exeter and the Laser Processing Group at the Institute of Optics have presented in the journal ...

We all love our wireless devices. We want more features, higher data rates, and improved range. These demands, in turn, require advanced digital protocols. Meanwhile, the number of signal sources is ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...

Two things have been overlooked with phasing amplitude modulation. One is the importance of pulse modulation; the other is that logic gates can be used for analog signal processing. Both of these ...

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) has been a fundamental component in the evolution of mobile connectivity. As the demand for faster data speeds and more efficient network utilization continues to ...

Changing the amplitude of a radio wave. A higher wave is interpreted as a 1 and a normal wave is interpreted as a zero. By changing the wave, the RFID tag can communicate a string of binary digits to ...