In 1813, Napoleon's failed campaign against Russia led to a coup d'état in Paris, France. Prussia and Austria then invaded France. Among the troops guarding Paris at the time was Sadie Carnot.

THE cycle proposed by Dr. J. S. Haldane (NATURE, August 29, p. 326) as a standard of comparison for steam engine performance can be shown quite readily on a temperature-entropy chart, and thus be ...

Almost exactly 200 years ago, French physicist Sadi Carnot determined the maximum efficiency of heat engines. The Carnot ...

Although the Carnot cycle is not entirely realistic when applied to real engines, as real-world engines may not achieve isothermal stages, it remains a critical concept for understanding thermodynamic ...

Thermoelectrics using nanostructures offers the potential of getting very close to the carnot limit of efficiency using very light weight systems for convert heat to electricity. Early versions of ...

One of the basic truths learned in college thermodynamics courses is that no heat-activated cycle can be devised that is more efficient than a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperature ...

Engineers have reported on the development of a microscopic motor operating between two thermal baths, that is, a micro Carnot engine. In a recent study published in Nature Physics, ICFO researchers ...

ON p. 326 of NATURE for August 29 appears an abstract of a paper by Dr. J. S. Haldane, which he read before the Institution of Mining Engineers on June 16. In this paper he has “thrown to the winds” ...